1. RIP v1的基本配置
拓扑图如下：
AR1的配置：
<Huawei>sysEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]int g0/0/0[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.254 24Aug 31 21:28:13-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.1 24Aug 31 21:28:34-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q[Huawei]rip 1[Huawei-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]q[Huawei]dis rip 1 database ---------------------------------------------------Advertisement State : [A] - Advertised[I] - Not Advertised/Withdraw---------------------------------------------------10.0.0.0/8, cost 0, ClassfulSumm10.1.1.0/24, cost 0, [A], Rip-interface12.0.0.0/8, cost 0, ClassfulSumm12.1.1.0/24, cost 0, [A], Rip-interface[Huawei]dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostFlags NextHop Interface10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.254GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/012.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/112.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/112.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
AR2的配置：
<Huawei>sysEnter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]int g0/0/0[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 20.1.1.254 24Aug 31 21:34:17-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.2 24Aug 31 21:34:37-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 23.1.1.1 24Aug 31 21:34:59-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q[Huawei]rip 1[Huawei-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]network 20.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]q[Huawei]dis rip 1 d---------------------------------------------------Advertisement State : [A] - Advertised[I] - Not Advertised/Withdraw---------------------------------------------------10.0.0.0/8, cost 1, ClassfulSumm10.0.0.0/8, cost 1, [A], nexthop 12.1.1.112.0.0.0/8, cost 0, ClassfulSumm12.1.1.0/24, cost 0, [A], Rip-interface20.0.0.0/8, cost 0, ClassfulSumm20.1.1.0/24, cost 0, [A], Rip-interface23.0.0.0/8, cost 0, ClassfulSumm23.1.1.0/24, cost 0, [A], Rip-interface[Huawei]dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 14 Routes : 14 Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostFlags NextHop Interface10.0.0.0/8 RIP100 1 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/112.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/112.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/112.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/120.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.254GigabitEthernet0/0/020.1.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/020.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/023.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 23.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/223.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/223.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
用PC1 ping PC2测试：
PC>ping 12.1.1.1Ping 12.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 12.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=110 msFrom 12.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=31 msFrom 12.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=31 msFrom 12.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=31 msFrom 12.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=31 ms--- 12.1.1.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 31/46/110 msPC>ping 12.1.1.2Ping 12.1.1.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=156 msFrom 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=78 msFrom 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=62 msFrom 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=32 msFrom 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=46 ms--- 12.1.1.2 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 32/74/156 msPC>ping 20.1.1.254Ping 20.1.1.254: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 20.1.1.254: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 msFrom 20.1.1.254: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=62 msFrom 20.1.1.254: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=62 msFrom 20.1.1.254: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=93 msFrom 20.1.1.254: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=109 ms--- 20.1.1.254 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 47/74/109 msPC>ping 20.1.1.1Ping 20.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakRequest timeout!From 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=31 msFrom 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=31 msFrom 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=47 msFrom 20.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=31 ms--- 20.1.1.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted4 packet(s) received20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0/35/47 ms
2. RIP v1与RIP v2的区别
RIP v1：
使用广播地址255.255.255.255不支持VLSM(可变长子网掩码)和CIDR(无类域间路由)，只支持有类不支持默认关闭汇总功能不支持路由标记功能报文没有掩码和下一跳地址不支持认证
RIP V2：是用组播地址224.0.0.9或广播地址支持无VLSM和CIDR支持关闭汇总功能支持路由标记功能报文有掩码和下一跳地址支持明文认证和MD5密文认证
3. RIP v2的配置
[Huawei]rip 1[Huawei-rip-1]version 2//关闭自动汇总功能[Huawei-rip-1]undo summary[Huawei-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0[Huawei-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
4. 四个定时器
**
Update timer(更新定时器)：当此定时器超时时，立即发送更新报文
Age timer(老化定时器)：RIP设备如果在老化时间内没有收到邻居发来的更新报文，则认为该路由不可达
Garbage-collect timer(垃圾收集定时器)：如果在垃圾收集时间内没有收到不可达路由发来更新报文，则该路由将从路由表中彻底删除
Suppress timer(抑制定时器)：当RIP收到对端的路由更新，其cost为16，对应路由进入抑制状态，并启动抑制定时器。为防止路由震荡，在抑制定时器超时前，即使再收到cost小于16的更新，也不接受。当抑制定时器超时后，就重新允许接收对端发来的更新。
[Huawei]rip 1 //设置更新时间为20秒，老化时间为100秒，垃圾收集时间30秒[Huawei-rip-1]timers rip 20 100 30
5. RIP的防环机制
A. 水平分割：路由器从某个接口学到的路由，不会从该接口再发回给邻居路由器。再NBMA网络中，默认不开启水平分割。
[Huawei]int g0/0/1//关闭水平分割[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip split-horizon //开启水平分割[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip split-horizon
B. 毒性反转：路由器从某个接口学到路由后，将该路由的跳输设置为16，并从原接收接口发送给邻居路由器。利用这种方式可以清除对方的无用路由。
同时配置了水平分割与毒性反转，只有毒性反转生效。
[Huawei]int g0/0/1//关闭毒性反转[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip poison-reverse //开启毒性反转[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip poison-reverse
C. 触发更新：默认情况下，路由器每30秒向邻居路由发送一次路由跟新；开启触发更新后，当本地路由信息发生变化时，立即向邻居路由器发送路由跟新，从而加速了网络收敛。
D. 路由毒化：当接口失效后，直接将路由cost值设置为16并通告出去。
6. metricin和metricout
metricin 用于在接收到路由后，给其增加一个附加的度量值，再将新的度量值发布出去。会影响本地设备与其他设备的路由选择。
metricout 用于自身路由的发布，给其增加一个附加度量值，但自身路由表中的值不会变化。不影响本地设备的路由选择，但会影响其他设备的路由选择。
[Huawei]int g0/0/1// metricin 设为5[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricin 5//关闭 metricin[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip metricout// metricout 设为3[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout 3//关闭 metricout[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip metricout
7. 控制收发更新路由报文
Input：允许端口接收更新报文。
Output：允许端口发送更新报文。
抑制端口：允许端口接收报文，禁止发送报文。抑制端口的优先级大于Input和Output。一般配置在与终端连接的端口，不要配置在路由器之间。
[Huawei]int g0/0/1//关闭 Output[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip output //关闭 Input[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo rip input //开启 Output[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip output //开启 Input[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip input[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q//开启抑制端口[Huawei]rip 1[Huawei-rip-1]silent-interface g0/0/1 //关闭抑制端口[Huawei-rip-1]undo silent-interface g0/0/1
认证
[Huawei]int g0/0/1//配置密文认证，密码为“hello”[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher hello//配置明文认证，密码为“123”[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip authentication-mode simple cipher 123
其他设备的端口也要配置相同的认证方式和密码
9. 路由汇总
[Huawei]int lo 1[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add 200.1.0.1 24[Huawei-LoopBack1]int lo 2[Huawei-LoopBack2]ip add 200.1.1.1 24[Huawei-LoopBack2]int lo 3[Huawei-LoopBack3]ip add 200.1.2.1 24[Huawei-LoopBack3]int lo 4[Huawei-LoopBack4]ip add 200.1.3.1 24[Huawei-LoopBack4]rip 1//只有RIP v2才支持无类域间路由[Huawei-rip-1]version 2[Huawei-rip-1]undo summary [Huawei-rip-1]int g0/0/1[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip summary-address 200.1.0.0 255.255.252.0
