学习《计算机网络自顶向下方法》时的一个课后小作业，一个简单的python 服务器和客户端，主要是为了学习和体验http请求和响应的首部。socket()的SOCK_STREAM参数表示使用TCP协议；
#coding=utf-8防止中文乱码，设置端口号：12000。
服务器代码：
#coding=utf-8from socket import *import codecsimport datetime#解析请求报文的请求形象路径def findPath(str):try:pathTemp=str.split(' ')[1]pathTemp=pathTemp[1:]path=pathTemp.replace('/','//')return path[0]+':'+path[1:]except:return 1 #判断文件是否存在def findFile(path):try:file=open(path)file.close() return Trueexcept:return False#读文件def readFile(path):try:file=codecs.open(path,'r','utf-8')str=file.read()file.close()except:str= False finally:return str#计算时间def timeFormed(form):now = datetime.datetime.now()return now.strftime(form)def time():week_day = {0 : 'Mon',1 : 'Tues',2 : 'Web',3 : 'Thur',4 : 'Fri',5 : 'San',6 : 'Sun'}day = datetime.datetime.now().weekday()week=week_day[day]#星期month_dict={0:'Jan',1:'Feb',2:'Mar',3:'Apr',4:'May',5:'Jun',6:'Jul',7:'Aug',8:'Sep',9:'Oct',10:'Nov',11:'Dec' }now = datetime.datetime.now()month=month_dict[int(now.strftime('%m'))]#月份time=week+', '+timeFormed('%d')+' '+month+' '+timeFormed('%Y %H:%M:%S')return time# print now#请求成功后的响应报文头部 def responseMessageHead(text):responseMessage='''HTTP/1.1 200 OKConnection: keep-aliveData: Thur, 22 Mar '''+time()+''' GMTServer:PythonWebServer 1.0Last-Modified: Thur, 22 Mar 19:26:03 GMTContent-Lenth: '''+ str(len(text.encode('utf-8'))) +'\nContent-Type:text/html\n\n'return responseMessage serverPort=12000serverSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)serverSocket.bind(('',serverPort))serverSocket.listen(6)print 'The server is ready to receive.'while 1:connectionSocket,addr=serverSocket.accept()sentence=connectionSocket.recv(1024)#sentence是从客户端发送的请求报文path=findPath(sentence)if path==1:connectionSocket.send('404 Not Found')#被请求文档不在服务器上#connectionSocket.send('400 Bad Request')#该请求不能被服务器理解print 'This quest the server can\'t understand'elif not findFile(path):connectionSocket.send('404 Not Found')#被请求文档不在服务器上print 'Not found the file which the client want'else:text=readFile(path)reuestMessage=responseMessageHead(text)+textreuestMessage=reuestMessage.encode('utf-8')connectionSocket.send(reuestMessage)connectionSocket.close()print 'The online client is as follows:'print 'Client\'s IP is:',addr[0],',','client\'s port is',addr[1],'\n'print 'The client\'s request message is as follows:'print sentence
客户端代码，这里是访问之前建立的一个E盘下文件：test.html。访问端口号12000，主机ip地址：127.0.0.1（就是本机）
#coding=utf-8from socket import *serverName='127.0.0.1'serverPort=12000clientSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)clientSocket.connect((serverName,serverPort))requestMessage='''GET /E/test.html HTTP/1.1Host: 127.0.0.1Connection: keep-aliveAccept: text/htmlUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-cn,en-us'''clientSocket.send(requestMessage)modifiedSentence=clientSocket.recv(1024)print 'From Server:'print modifiedSentenceclientSocket.close()
在E盘下新建的test.html代码，这里写了一个简单的网页，utf-8防止部分情况下中文乱码：
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>测试python服务器</title></head><body>你好python</body></html>
eclipse上运行的效果：
服务器打印信息：
客户端打印信息：
浏览器的运行效果：
之后将他们全部关闭后重新运行服务器端，在浏览器输入网址：http://localhost:12000/E/test.html，回车，网页显示正常：
