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初中英语语法——介词

时间:2024-03-07 23:42:09

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初中英语语法——介词

西安中考网8月16日 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词,

一、介词按其构成可分为:

1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。

如:

He s worked there since 1998.

2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of 等。

如:

She is out of school. 她毕业了。

3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。

如:

I m from out of town. 我是从城外来的。

4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。

如:

I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.

我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。

二、介词的作用:

1. 表示地点:after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。

如:

Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。

They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。

2. 表示时间:about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。

如:

After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。

A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。

The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。

3. 表示动作:at, across, around, on, over, under 等。

如:

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。

The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。

4. 表示比较:as, like, above, over, with 等。

如:

She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。

Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比,汉语难得多。

5. 表示原因:about, for, from, with 等。

如:

Don t worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。

Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。

He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。

6. 表示条件:to, with, without 等。

如:

Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。

7. 表示手段、方式:as, by, in, with 等。

如:

He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。

Learn the new words by heart. 记住这些生词。

We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看。

8. 表示距离、数量:from, in, within 等。

如:

My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。

They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。

9. 表示目的:as, for 等。

如:

I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。

It s time for class. 到上课的时间了。

10. 表示让步:for, with 等。

如:

For all his effort, he didn t succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。

With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。

for 还可以引导插入语,

例如:

I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。

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