5种基本句型复习
确保句子写对、结构完整是写作中最基本的要求。所以，要想完成写作这栋高楼大厦，就一定先要把地基打好，即掌握好基本句式。否则再漂亮洋气的作文也只能是空谈。英语语言中，最基本的句型只有五种，其它各种复杂的从句、句式也都是从它们演变而来。
一. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句型中，主语只需要一个实意动词就可以表达出完整的动作和意思。这类动词为不及物动词，后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等结构。
1. The 13thNational Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August. (天津高考书面表达)
2. As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese filmsincreased from to . (江苏高考书面表达)
3. Therefore,this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. (湖南高考书面表达)
二. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句型的动词为实意动词，是由主语发出的动作，但是不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。有时可以由不及物动词加介词构成及物动词完成。宾语即为动作的承受者，可以有名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。
1. New members will receiveextra guidance on Sunday mornings from 3:30 p.m. to 11:00 a.m... (全国卷书面表达)
2. We debated overwhat to putinto the video. (北京高考书面表达)
3. Hopelessness and guilt quicklyflooded her mind. (浙江高考书面表达)
4. It offered teenagerslike you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (北京高考书面表达)
三. 主语+系动词+表语
该句型主要是说明主语的身份、状态、特征，谓语动词是系统词，后面接的表语可以为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等。
1. We may feel at easein our school uniforms every day. (浙江高考书面表达)
2. The situationmay not bethat bad.(浙江高考书面表达)
3. It’s great to hear from you! I feel proudof knowing your interest in Chinese history. (北京高考书面表达)
4. The “Foreign Cultures” sectionin our newspaper is very popular among us students.(全国卷书面表达)
四. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
此句型中的谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。间接宾语通常是人，直接宾语通常是物。间接宾语可以放在直接宾语的前面；直接宾语也可以借助to或for等介词放在间接宾语前面。
1. I gave them avivid and informative introduction of tea culture. (北京高考书面表达)
2. The purpose of my writing is to tell you thatthere will be an outing for us these days. (浙江高考书面表达)
3. I wish you success in your application. (全国卷书面表达)
4. First, he showed us basic steps and skillsof making dough figurines. (北京高考书面表达)
五. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型虽然用了及物动词加宾语，但是还是不能表达完整的意思，需要加一个补充成分来说明宾语的情况，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不定式、分词等。
1. Therefore, I would like you to join our school’s table tennis team. (全国三卷书面表达)
2. I think it great funto learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty. (全国一卷书面表达)
3. As a high school student, I consider English avery important subject.
高考英语写作新题型备考技巧
专题二 并列句+亮点词汇（一）
顾名思义，并列句是用连词或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。
一．并列句的类型和并列连词
并列（递进）关系
and, both…and…, not only…but (also)…, neither…nor…
转折关系
but, yet,
选择关系
or, otherwise, or else, either…or…, not…but…
因果关系
for, so, therefore, thus
对比关系
while, whereas
注意:①. therefore，thus引导的句子前需要用分号或and才能引导并列从句，如:
It rained; thereforethe game was called off.
②. 连接并列主语时，需要注意 “就近原则”，如：
Neitherhe nor I am going to attend the ceremony.
1. The choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money and extra time, forwe have to change it back after the event. (浙江高考书面表达)
2. Some compromises were unavoidable, butthe video turned out perfect. (北京高考书面表达)
3. I plan to go for an outing, andI would like to invite you to participate. (浙江高考书面表达)
4. I know you are very enthusiastic about ping-pong, soI really hope you can join our school team. (全国三卷书面表达)
5. As middle school students, we’re not familiar with foreign cultures, whileChinese culture isn’t fit to appear in an English newspaper. (上海高考作文)
二．并列句在高考写作中的运用：
1. both…and…, 既…又…
On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is bothtime-saving and economical. (江苏高考书面表达)
2. either…or…, 或者……或者……
People can eithergive them as gifts or hang them in their houses.
3. neither…nor…, 既不……也不……
In autumn, it’s neithertoo cold nor too hot. (天津高考书面表达)
4. not only…but also…, 不仅……而且……
I would really like to interview him because he is not onlythe first Chinese to go to spacebut also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. (安徽高考书面表达)
注意：此句型中，not only可以放句首倒装，为写作加分，如:
I think not only will it bea golden opportunity for you to show your great talent, but also you can offer us guidance.(全国一卷书面表达)
5. not…but…, 不是…而是…
From my perspective, the son refuses to communicate with his mother notbecause he has no time but because he’s unwilling to.
6. …while/whereas…, ……而/却……
Some of the studies show positive results, whereasothers don’t.
7. 祈使句/名词词组 + and/or/otherwise + 陈述句
Keep it in mind, andwe can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. (四川高考书面表达)
It is really risky. One more step, andthe baby will fall into the well.
Study hard, otherwiseyou will fail in your exams.
More healthy food, oryou’ll break down sooner or later.
8. …when…, ……这时……
①. sb. was doing sth. when …, 某人正在做某事……, 这时候……
We were having a conference whenhe broke in.
②. sb. was about to do…/sb was on the point of doing…when…, 某人正要做某事……, 这时……
I was about to give up whenmy father came and inspired me to keep going.(福建高考书面表达)
③. sb had just done sth. when…., 某人刚做完某事……., 这时……
Ihad just finishedsweeping the floor when the telephone rang.
注意: 并列句型8可经常用于记叙文续写写作，需要掌握透彻并学会运用。
专题三 状语从句+亮点词汇（二）
状语从句是写作中不可或缺的构句技巧。记叙文用好了它，可以使作文整体行云流水，细节丰富；应用文、议论文和说明文用好了它，能够使作文整体更加紧凑并富有逻辑。因此，熟知状语从句的写作句型对优秀的写作有着重要意义。
一． 状语从句主要有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果等九个类型。以下表格是状语从句的类型和相应连词。
状语从句类型
连词
时间状语从句
when, while, as, since, before, after, till, until, as soon as, had hardly…when…, had no sooner…than…, each/every time, whenever, the first time, the next time, the last time, the moment, by the time, the second, immediately, directly, instantly, once
条件状语从句
If, unless, providing/provided (that), supposing/supposed (that), given that, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, only if,
原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that
让步状语从句
though, although, even if/though, while, as, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter+ 疑问词, whether…or…
地点状语从句
where, wherever
比较状语从句
than, the same as, as…as, not so/as…as,
方式状语从句
as if/though, as
目的状语从句
in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest
结果状语从句
so that, so…that…, such…that…,
精选例句：
1. WhenI got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.(北京高考书面表达)
2. Furthermore, wheneveryou meet with some puzzling questions, don’t hesitate to turn to me. (全国一卷书面表达)
3. Soattractive and alive do they look that I think you will be interested in it. (全国二卷书面表达)
注意：此句是结果状语从句的倒装。
4. If we go on polluting the environment, the earth won’t be fit for us to live in.
5. While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I’ve missed you a lot. (天津高考书面表达)
6. No matter what I do, I will try my best to do it well.
7. He worked hard at his lessons, so that he got high grades in the exams.
8. As long aswe have a strong will, we’ll be able to get over any difficulty.
9. Important asregular exercise is, it’s never a good idea to work out too close to bedtime. (让步状语从句as倒装)
10. Now thatyou’ve got a job, you should learn to be independent of your parents.
二．状语从句常用的写作句型
1. as soon as, the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly, hardly/scarcely had…when…, no sooner had…that…, 一……就……
Tom dashed out as soon as the helicopter landed and hugged Jane tightly. (浙江高考书面表达)
The moment I came into the classroom, I saw the sentence on the blackboard. (山东高考书面表达)
Hardly had the girl rung the bell when the door was opened.
2. each/every time, 每当
Every time I see my watch, I thought of my great dad.(重庆高考书面表达)
3. the first time, 第一次…
I though Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.
注意区分It’s the first time (that) I have met Susan.
4. before, 不久后……; 还没来得及就……
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
It won’t be long before we graduate from high school.
5. ever since, 自从……
Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies. (湖南高考书面表达)
6. by the time, 到……为止
By the time the police arrived, the thief had run away.
7. so/as long as, 只要
As long as you are interested in the table tennis, you can sign up for our school team. (全国三卷书面表达)
8. providing/provided (that)…
Proving he doesn’t agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?
9. on condition that, 如果……
Better living conditions can really be reached on condition that the environment is well protected.
10. even if/though, 即使；尽管
There’s still a long way to go even if our project has been carried out smoothly so far.
11. though/although/while/as, 尽管, 注意as在此需要倒装
Although busy with the lessons, I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
注意：此句是状语从句的省略用法。
12. no matter+ 疑问词或疑问词+ ever, 无论
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. (江苏高考书面表达)
However far away we are, we feel close to each other. (重庆高考书面表达)
13. whether…or…, 无论是否……
You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or occupied.
14. so that, 以便；因此
I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin so that I can be both physically and mentally qualified for the job. (天津高考书面表达)
15. so/such…that…., 如此……以至于……
So eager to win the game are we that we should prepare for it. (北京高考书面表达)
The dough figures he made were so beautiful that we couldn’t wait to have a try ourselves. (北京高考书面表达)
16. in order that, 为了……
When taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order that they can get better results to please their parents and teachers.
17. as if/though, 好像
It looked as if it was going to pour down.
18. as, 随着……
As technology develops, there exist many risks.
=With technology developing, ….
19. in that 因为
I turned down the job in that I was unwilling to do it.
20. while…was/were doing, …, 当时正在…,
While (I was) working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. (北京高考书面表达)
While people were queueing to buy tickets, a fire broke out.
专题（四）定语从句+写作同类词合集
在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力，更能为写作增添色彩。所以考生一定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句，让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。
一． 用于书面表达中定语从句的类型
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，whose，which，that，as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不鲜。尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。
①.I’m qualified with every extra work thatyou want me to do. (全国一卷书面表达)
②.Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, whichturned out to be extremely rewarding. (北京高考书面表达)
③.Asis known, I will be a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin. (天津高考书面表达)
④.Any student whois interested is welcome to participate. (全国卷书面表达)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
when，where，why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。在写这种类型的定语从句时，一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词，如：period，age，occasion，situation，case，point，reason等。
①.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, wherethe air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. (全国一卷书面表达)
②.They found the dangerous situation, wherethree men circled the wolf. (浙江高考书面表达)
③.I think the reasonwhyyou’re always angry may be the high pressure of study. (安徽高考书面表达)
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
Material collecting took us a whole week, during whichwe interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life.
二． 定语从句的写法
定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用，所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。在写作中，可以采取以下的步骤训练。
1. 写出两个相关联的简单句；
2. 在其中一处简单句中找出需要修饰的词，这个词一定要在两个简单句中都有联系；
3. 把剩下的一个简单句改成定语从句，根据关系词的不同选择而对句子进行修改。若是关系代词，就要去掉这个简单句中的主语或者宾语。若是关系副词，则要删掉状语。
例一：The foreigner got arrested by the police.
He picked a woman’s pocket on the bus.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the foreigner。确定第一句为主句后，剩下的第二句要改写成定语从句。由于是代词做主语，所以考虑用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，并删去第二句的主语he。
The foreigner who/that picked a woman’s pocket on the bus got arrested by the police.
例二：A fire suddenly broke out in the theater.
Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the theater。确定第二句作主句后，剩下的第二句为定语从句。由于in the theater是地点状语，所以考虑用关系副词where引导定语从句，并删去第一句的状语in the theater。
Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater where a fire suddenly broke out.
由于灵活运用定语从句对于考生来说有一定的难度，所以考生在书面表达中运用定语从句时会常犯一些错误，比如误用关系词，句子成分多余或残缺，把定语从句和其它从句混淆。这些都是考生需要注意的。后面的改错练习会涉及到一些定语从句写作中常见的错误。
