直接引语转化为间接引语：
一、如何变人称：
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：
He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come --go直接引语和间接引语
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said,“I"m busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）
Mr. Black saidthat he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）
从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
He said , “Ilikeitvery much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He saidthathelikeditvery much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
He said, “Youtoldmethis story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”
→He said thatIhad toldhimthat story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
He said to me, “She’sleftherbook inyourroom”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
He told me thatshe hadleftherbook inmyroom. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had， her不变，your→my）
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usuallywatchTV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usuallywatchedTV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I"m usingthe knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that hewas usingthe knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “Ihave not heardfrom him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that shehad notheard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，“Icameto help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said thathe had cometo help me.他说他来帮助我。
He said, “Ihad finishedmy homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”
→He said that hehad finishedhis homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou Lan said, “I"ll doit after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that shewould doit after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said,“Ishall be doingmy homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”
→He said that heshould be doinghis homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
He said, “Weshall have finishedthe work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”
→He said that theyshould have finishedthe work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earthisround. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earthisround.老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “Iwasborn in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。”
→He said that hewasborn in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。
He said, “ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”
→He said ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “Ifinishedthe work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that hefinishedthe work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “Ihave wateredthe flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”
He will say hehas wateredthe flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
见下表：
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this/these
that/those
时间状语
now
then
today
that day
tonight
that night
this week (month…)
that week (month…)
yesterday
the day before
last week (month…)
the week (month…)before
two weeks (month)ago
two weeks (months)before
tomorrow
the next day
next week (month…)
the next week (month…)
地点状语
here
there
动词
come
go
bring
take
He said, “I met Mr. Smiththismorning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”
He said that he had met Mr. Smiththatmorning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
He said, “We went to the cinemayesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”
→He said they had gone to the cinemathe day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。
Lily said, “I will come backnext month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”
→Lily said that she would go backthe next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
He said, “It is nine o"clocknow.”他说：“现在九点了。”
→He said that it was nine o"clockthen.他说那时九点了。
He said, “I haven"t seen hertoday.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”
→He said that he hadn"t seen her that day.他说那天他没有见到她。
She said, “I went thereyesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”
→She said that she had gone therethe day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。
She said, “I"ll go theretomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”
→She said that she would go therethe next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。
He said, “My sister washerethree daysago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
→He said that his sister had beentherethree daysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)
She said, “I willcomeherethisevening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she wouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（come→go；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。
Father said,“I am freethis afternoon”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”
→Father said that he was freethis afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。
He said, “I am goingthere tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”
He said that he was goingthere tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。
巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1、直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
Shesaid, “Isyourfather an engineer?”她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”
→Sheaskedmewhethermyfatherwasan engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
The teachersaidto Li Ming, “Haveyoufinished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗?”
→The teacheraskedLi Mingwhetherhehadfinished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。
2、直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
“What do you doevery Sunday morning?”my friendsaid to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么?
→My friendaskedmewhat I didevery Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacherasked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”
→The teacheraskedLi Mingwhere he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
I asked her, “How many English books will youread next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书? ”
→I asked herhow many English books she would readthe next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
“When did youget up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的?”
→My father asked mewhen I hadgot up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意： 直接引语里是：What"s wrong with……?/What"s the matter? /What"s the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked herwhat was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
四、直接引语是祈使句
巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do something结构。
Hesaid,“Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐。”
→Heasked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。
The teachersaid,“Don’t talkin class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话! ”
→The teachertold us not to talkin class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。
The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”
→The captainordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！
The policeman said to the children,“Don"t playfootball in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”
→The policemanwarned the children not to playfootball in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。
五、点击考点
I.改错：
1.He said that he is going to London.
2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.
3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.
4.They asked that he was there.
5.I asked you where was he going.
6.The teacher told us not talk any more.
7.The doctor said to his wife,Not wait for me.
8.He asked me who I am.
9.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.
10.Mother asked what the matter was.
II.将下列句子改为间接引语
1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.
2.The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”
3.The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”
4.He said, “I"ll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”
5. “Hello,how are you?”, he said to me.
6.Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”
7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”
8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Don’t make the same mistake again.”
9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.
10.The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”
参考答案:
I. 1.is→was 2.yesterday→the day before3.don’t→not to4.that→if
5.was he→he was6.not 后面加to 7.Not→Don"t 8.am→was
9.tomorrow→the next day10.was the matter
II. 1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.
2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.
3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.
4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.
5.He asked me how I was.
6.Tom asked me angrily why I didn"t tell him I had been there for two weeks.
7.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.
8.The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.
9.I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.
10.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.
