Last month we revealedhow high levels of dangerous microplastics had been detected in some of the most remote regions of the world.Now there are new reports that microplastics are turning up in human stool, a new study suggests.
上月，我们披露了在世界上一些最偏远的地区检测到的高水平危险微塑料。现在有新的报道称，一项新的研究表明人类粪便中出现了微塑料。
The study, Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool: A Prospective Case Series(/aim/article-abstract/2749504/detection-various-microplastics-human-stool-prospective-case-series), examined human stool from eight people around the world and found all had microplastics.
该研究，检测人体粪便中的各种微塑料:一个前瞻性的病例系列，检查了来自世界各地的8个人的人类粪便，发现所有人的粪便中都含有微塑料。
"This small prospective case series showed that various microplastics were present in human stool, and no sample was free of microplastics," wrote the team of scientists, led by Dr. Philipp Schwabl of the Medical University of Vienna.
由维也纳医科大学菲利普·施瓦布尔(Philipp Schwabl)博士领导的科学家团队报道:“这个小型前瞻性病例系列表明，人体粪便中存在各种微塑料，而且没有任何样品不含微塑料。”
"Larger studies are needed to validate these findings. Moreover, research on the origins of microplastics ingested by humans, potential intestinal absorption, and effects on human health is urgently needed."
“这需要更大规模的研究来验证这些发现。此外，研究人类摄入的微塑料的来源、潜在的肠道吸收以及对人体健康的影响是迫切需要的。”
Schwabl said volunteers came from Japan, Russia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Italy, Poland, Finland, and Austria. Their daily food intake was the likely entry point for microplastic exposure.
施瓦布尔说，志愿者来自日本、俄罗斯、荷兰、英国、意大利、波兰、芬兰和奥地利。他们每天的食物摄入量可能是微塑料接触的切入点。
The study didn"t rule out that microplastic exposure could be coming from food wrappers and bottles. None of the volunteers were vegetarians, while six out of the eight had consumed ocean-going fish.
这项研究没有排除微塑料接触可能来自食品包装和瓶子。没有一名志愿者是素食主义者，而8名志愿者中有6人食用过远洋鱼类。
All stool samples were examined at the Environment Agency Austria for ten different types of plastics. As many as nine plastics were found in sample stool, ranging in size from 50 to 500 micrometers. Schwabl said the most common plastics were polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
奥地利环境署对所有粪便样本进行了十种不同类型塑料的检测。在样本粪便中发现了多达9种塑料，尺寸从50微米到500微米不等。Schwabl说，最常见的塑料是聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
On average, each stool sample contained about 20 microplastic particles per 10g of stool.
平均每10克粪便样本中含有约20个塑料微粒。
The study wasn"t entirely sure where the microplastics came from or how they were ingested, but because there were various types of plastics, Schwabl said the sources could be from food processing and packaging to seafood consumption.
项研究并不完全确定这些微塑料来自哪里，也不确定它们是如何被摄入的，但由于塑料种类繁多，Schwabl说，它们的来源可能从食品加工、包装到海鲜消费。
Since microplastics is relatively a new topic for the scientific community - health impacts, of tiny bits of plastics in human bodies are still unknown.
由于微塑料对于科学界来说是一个相对较新的话题——对健康的影响，人体中微小的塑料碎片仍然是未知的。
"Discussion is ongoing about the potential health effects of ingested microplastics and nanoplastics, which (at least in animals) may translocate into gastrointestinal tissues or other organs and cause deleterious effects," he noted.
他说:“有关摄入微塑料和纳米塑料对健康的潜在影响的讨论正在进行中，这些塑料(至少在动物身上)可能会转移到胃肠道组织或其他器官，并造成有害影响。”
Jennifer Adibi, an assistant professor in the department of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, told Reuters that the new study offers "no insight into health implications" of microplastics in the human body.
匹兹堡大学公共卫生研究生院流行病学助理教授Jennifer Adibi告诉路透社，这项新研究“没有深入了解”塑料微粒对人体健康的影响。
Our report from last month shows how microplastics come from industrial economies where rubber and paints are used.
我们上的报告显示了微塑料是如何从使用橡胶和油漆的工业经济中产生的。
The tiny fragments end up in the sea, where they"re broken down by waves and ultraviolet radiation, before absorbing into the atmosphere. From there, the plastic particles are captured from the air during cloud development, can drift across the Earth via jet streams. At some point, the particles act as a nucleus around supercooled droplets can condense, and travel to Earth as snow or other forms of precipitation.
这些小碎片最终会被海浪和紫外线辐射分解到海里，然后被吸收到大气中。从那里，塑料颗粒在云的形成过程中从空气中捕获，可以通过急流飘过地球。在某一时刻，这些粒子就像一个核一样围绕着过冷的液滴凝结，并以雪或其他形式的降水形式进入地球。
As far as environmental and health impacts of microplastics, these two studies could suggest a silent plastic apocalypse has infected Earth.
就微塑料对环境和健康的影响而言，这两项研究可能表明，一场无声的塑料灾难已经感染了地球。
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