完整代码如下：
import pygameimport randomimport sys# 游戏设置WINDOW_WIDTH = 400WINDOW_HEIGHT = 500GRID_WIDTH = 10GRID_HEIGHT = 20BLOCK_SIZE = 20NEXT_WIDTH = 5NEXT_HEIGHT = 5NEXT_X = WINDOW_WIDTH - 100NEXT_Y = 50FPS = 30# 颜色BLACK = (0, 0, 0)WHITE = (255, 255, 255)RED = (255, 0, 0)GREEN = (0, 255, 0)BLUE = (0, 0, 255)YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)PURPLE = (255, 0, 255)CYAN = (0, 255, 255)# 方块类型SHAPE_I = [['X', 'X', 'X', 'X']]SHAPE_J = [['X', ' ', ' '],['X', 'X', 'X']]SHAPE_L = [[' ', ' ', 'X'],['X', 'X', 'X']]SHAPE_O = [['X', 'X'],['X', 'X']]SHAPE_S = [[' ', 'X', 'X'],['X', 'X', ' ']]SHAPE_T = [[' ', 'X', ' '],['X', 'X', 'X']]SHAPE_Z = [['X', 'X', ' '],[' ', 'X', 'X']]SHAPES = [SHAPE_I, SHAPE_J, SHAPE_L, SHAPE_O, SHAPE_S, SHAPE_T, SHAPE_Z]COLORS = [CYAN, BLUE, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, PURPLE, RED]# 游戏状态START = "start"PLAYING = "playing"GAMEOVER = "gameover"# 方块类class Block:def __init__(self, shape, rotation, color, x=0, y=0):self.shape = shapeself.rotation = rotationself.color = colorself.x = xself.y = ydef move_down(self):self.y += 1def move_up(self):self.y -= 1def move_left(self):self.x -= 1def move_right(self):self.x += 1def rotate(self):self.rotation = (self.rotation + 1) % len(self.shape)def rotate_back(self):self.rotation = (self.rotation - 1) % len(self.shape)# 俄罗斯方块类class Tetris:def __init__(self):pygame.init()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption("Tetris")self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()self.grid = [[BLACK for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)] for _ in range(GRID_HEIGHT)]self.current_block = Noneself.next_block = Noneself.score = 0self.state = STARTdef start(self):self.grid = [[BLACK for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)] for _ in range(GRID_HEIGHT)]self.current_block = self.get_new_block()self.next_block = self.get_new_block()self.score = 0self.state = PLAYINGdef get_new_block(self):shapeshape = random.choice(SHAPES)color = random.choice(COLORS)rotation = 0x = (GRID_WIDTH - len(shape[0])) // 2y = 0return Block(shape, rotation, color, x, y)def update(self):if self.state == PLAYING:self.current_block.move_down()if self.check_collision():self.current_block.move_up()self.place_block()self.clear_lines()self.current_block = self.next_blockself.next_block = self.get_new_block()if self.check_collision():self.state = GAMEOVERdef check_collision(self):for y in range(len(self.current_block.shape)):for x in range(len(self.current_block.shape[0])):if self.current_block.shape[y][x] == 'X':x_pos = self.current_block.x + xy_pos = self.current_block.y + yif x_pos < 0 or x_pos >= GRID_WIDTH or y_pos >= GRID_HEIGHT or self.grid[y_pos][x_pos] != BLACK:return Truereturn Falsedef place_block(self):for y in range(len(self.current_block.shape)):for x in range(len(self.current_block.shape[0])):if self.current_block.shape[y][x] == 'X':x_pos = self.current_block.x + xy_pos = self.current_block.y + yself.grid[y_pos][x_pos] = self.current_block.colordef clear_lines(self):lines_cleared = 0for y in range(GRID_HEIGHT):if all([c != BLACK for c in self.grid[y]]):self.grid.pop(y)self.grid.insert(0, [BLACK for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)])lines_cleared += 1self.score += lines_cleared * 100def handle_events(self):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_UP:self.current_block.rotate()if self.check_collision():self.current_block.rotate_back()if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:self.current_block.move_down()if self.check_collision():self.current_block.move_up()if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:self.current_block.move_left()if self.check_collision():self.current_block.move_right()if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:self.current_block.move_right()if self.check_collision():self.current_block.move_left()def draw(self):self.screen.fill(WHITE)self.draw_grid()self.draw_block(self.current_block)self.draw_next_block(self.next_block)self.draw_score()pygame.display.update()def draw_grid(self):for y in range(GRID_HEIGHT):for x in range(GRID_WIDTH):pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.grid[y][x], (x * BLOCK_SIZE, y * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))def draw_block(self, block):for y in range(len(block.shape)):for x in range(len(block.shape[0])):if block.shape[y][x] == 'X':x_pos = block.x + xy_pos = block.y + ypygame.draw.rect(self.screen, block.color, (x_pos * BLOCK_SIZE, y_pos * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))def draw_next_block(self, block):if block:for yfor x in range(len(block.shape[0])):if block.shape[y][x] == 'X':x_pos = x + GRID_WIDTH + 1y_pos = y + GRID_HEIGHT - 1pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, block.color, (x_pos * BLOCK_SIZE, y_pos * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))def draw_score(self):font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 30)text = font.render('Score: ' + str(self.score), True, BLACK)self.screen.blit(text, (GRID_WIDTH * BLOCK_SIZE + BLOCK_SIZE, 10))def run(self):while True:self.clock.tick(FPS)self.handle_events()self.update()self.draw()if __name__ == '__main__':game = Tetris()game.run()
这个代码实现了一个基本的俄罗斯方块游戏，包括方块的下落、旋转、移动、碰撞检测，行的清除以及得分的计算和显示等功能。玩家可以通过键盘上下左右键来操作方块的移动和旋转。游戏会随着玩家的得分不断增加难度。
当方块无法下落时，游戏就会结束，并且在游戏窗口中显示最终得分。如果玩家想重新开始游戏，可以直接关闭游戏窗口并重新运行程序即可。
希望这个示例能够帮助你更好地理解如何使用 Python 和 Pygame 实现一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏。
